Machine for forming or renewing and sharpening the teeth of gin or linter saws



R. H. BUTTERS. MACHINE FOR FORMING OR- RENEWING ANDYSHARPENING THE TEETHOF em 0R LlNTER-SAWS.

- APPLICATION FILED APR. L0, IQIT. 1,329,036. Patented Jan. 27, 1920.-

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MACHINE FOR FORMING 0R TILE... E

R. H. BUTTE'RS.

RENEWING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH 0F GIN OB LINTER SAWS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10| 19]].

Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

13 SHEETSSHEET 2.

R. H. BUTTERS. MACHINE FOR FORMING 0R RENEWING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH0F GIN 0R LINTER SAWS.

APPLICATION FILE D APR. IO, 19!]. Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

13 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

R. H. BUTTERS.

MACHINE roe FORMING 0R RENEWING AND SHARP'ENLNG THE TEETH 0F GIN 0RLINTER SAWS.

APPLICATION F ILED APR. I0, 19H. 1,329,036.

Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

13 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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R. H. BUTTERS. MACHINE FOR FORMING 0R RENEWING AND SHARPENING THE TEETHOF GIN 0R LINTER SAWS.

APPLICATION FILED APR-10, 19!].

R. H. BUTTERS. MACHINE FOR FORMING 0R RENEWING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH0F GIN 0R LINTER SAWS.

' APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, 19H. 1,329,036. Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

I3 SHEETSSHEEI 6- ham/51 Af/w My R; H. BUTTERS.

MACHINE FOR FORMING 0R RENEWING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH 0F GIN'ORLINTER SAW S.

APPLICATION FILED APR- lol 19!].

1,329,036. Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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R. H. BUTTERS. MACHINE FOR ronmme 0R RENEWING AND SHARPENINYG THE TEETH0F GIN 0R LINTER SAWS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, I917.

Patented J an. 27, 1920.

13 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

W $4 t MGM an mw w vs W Q 0 g Q x. ha mm m T R. H. BUTTERS. RE'NEWINGAND SHARPENING THE TEETH OF-GIN 0R LINTER SAWS.

APPLICATION FILED APR- 10, NHL

Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

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from 5r iii/265m 'faerf 1K 11702 R. H. BUTTERS. MACHINE FOR FORMING 0RRENEWING AND SHARPENING TH E TEETH 0F GIN 0R LINTER SAWS.

APPLICATION FILED APR-10. I917.

R. H. BUTTERS. MACHINEJFOB FORMING 0R RENEWING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH0F GIN 03 L mm SAWS. APPLTCATION FILED APR- 10. I917. 1,329,036.

Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

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R. H. BUTTERS.

MACHINE FOR FORMING 0R BENEWING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH 0F GIN ORLINTER SAWS. APPLICATION FILED APR. I0, I9I7.

1,329,036, Patented J an; 27, 1920.

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APPLICATION FILED APR-10,1917. 1,329,036, Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET l3- ewwi war/22 v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT H. BUTTERS, 0F ATLANTA, GEGRGIA, ASSEGNOR T0 THE BUTTERS-GAMPMFG.

00., A CORPQRATIGN (3F GEORGIA.

V MACHINE FOR. FORMING OR RENEW'ING AND SHARPENING TEE TEETH OF GIN 0RLINTER. SA'WS.

Application filed April 10, 1917'.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ROBERT H. BUTTERS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Atlanta, in the county of Fulton and State of Georgia, vhaveinvented new and useful Improvements in Machines for Forming or Renewingand Sharpening the Teeth of Gin or Linter Saws, of which the followingisa specification.

This invention relates to a machine for forming or renewing andsharpening the teeth of gin or linter saws. It proposes a machine whichis specially adapted to the practice of the method of forming orrenewing gin or linter saw teeth disclosed in my U. S. Letters PatentNo. 1,277,375, granted September 3, 1918.

Its principal objects are to provide a machine having a cutter forforming or renewing and sharpening the teeth wherein said cutter ispositively controlled and is positive in its action; to provide amachine which shall accomplish the purposes of the ordinary filing andgumming machines, but in a much more efficient manner and in a muchshorter period of time; to provide a machine wherein the form of theteeth is dependent upon the operation of the forming or sharpeninginstrumentality in contradistinction to existing filing and gum Iningmachines wherein t e action of the sharpening instrumentalities isdependent on the form of the teeth; to provide a machine whih shallproduce teeth of special form or construction most effectively adaptedto the wearing and tearing work of linter saws; to provide a achinewhich shall secure exact and uniform alinement and conformity of theteeth, horizontally throughout the gang; to provide a machine by meansof which teeth of the requisite sharpness and strength may be providedin substantially greater number than is possible with existing ma'hinesand methods; and to provide a machine adapted to form new teeth in sawblanks, to renew and sharpen the formed teeth of existing saws; and toprovide saws of the ordinary types with teeth of the special form orconstruction above referred to.

With the above and other objects and advantages in view, the inventioncons sts in certain features of structure, combination Specification ofLetters Patent.

Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

Serial No. 181,502.

and relation which will appear as the description proceeds.

fin embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, wherein Figure 1 is a front elevation of a n1achine in whichthe features of the invention are incorporated;

Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof;

Fig. 3 is an end elevation thereof;

Fig. 4c is an elevation showing the end of the machine opposite to thatshown in Fig. 3, certain elements of the structure appeering in Fig. 3being omitted to avoid unnecessary repetition and for the sake ofclearness;

Fig. 5 is adetail vertical sectional view showing certain parts at oneend of the machine in the plane 55 of Fig. 2, looking in the directionof the arrows;

Fig. 6 is a detail rear elevation, partly in section, showing theelements which appear in Fig. 5;

7 is a horizontal sectional view in the plane 77 of Fig. 5, lookingclownward;

Fig. 8 is a detail cross-sectional view in the plane 88 of Fig. 3,looking in the direction of the arrow; 3

Fig. 9 is a detail cross-sectional view in the plane 99 of Fig. 3,looking in the dire'tion of the arrow;

Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view in the plane 1010 of Fig. 9, lookingin the direction of the arrow;

11 is a detail sectional view of the mechanism for laterally shiftingthe cutter heads, this figure being taken in the plane 1111 of Fig. 1;

12 is a detail plan view, partly in section, showing the mechanism forlaterally shifting the cutter heads, and also showing two of said heads;

13 is an elev tion of one of the cutter heads, looking at the inner facethereof;

F 14 is a vertical longitudinal sectional View of one of the cutterheads;

Fig. 15 is a detail horizontal sectional view on the line 1515 of Fig.14;;

16 (Sheet 5) is a detail perspetive view showing certain parts of themechanism for controlling the operation of the quadrant arms;

Fig. 17 is a detail horizontal sectional view on the line 17-17 of Fig.at showing a bumper block for relieving or cushioning the inwardmovements of the supporting arms;

Fig. 18 is a detail plan View of the crossrail;

Fig. 19 is a detail sectional view on the line 19 of Fig. 10;

. Fig. 20 is a detail sectional view of a pin. clutch to be hereafterdescribed;

Fig. 21 is an elevation of one member of the pin clutch shown in Fig.20;

Fig. 22 is an elevation of the other member of said clutch;

-Fig. 23 is a detail elevation of the pin element of said clutch;

Fig. 24; is a diagrammatic plan view showing the arrangement of a centerrest which is preferably employed to steady the saw mandrel;

Fig. '25 is a rear elevation of the center rest;

Fig. 26 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof, showing also itsrelation to the saw mandrel Fig. 27 is a perspective view showing thevarious parts of the center rest in the relation of their assemblage;

Figs. 28 and 29 are diagrammatic end elevations illustrating certainoperations of the machine;

Figs. 303 are views illustrating diagrammatically the action of thecutter. These figures, together with Figs. 8535, are drawn to a greatlyexaggerated scale and have been employed because it is not possible toclearly illustrate the details of the method and the teeth in any of thepre ceding figures owing to the restrictions imthe 51m so -30 of Fig.30;

Fig. 30 is a sectional plan view projected in'the plane 30 0 of Fig. 80;

Fig. 31 is a view similar to Fig. 30 but with the cutter omitted andshowing more particularly the condition of the saws upon the completionof the first or initial cut;

Fig. 32 is a view similar to Fig. 80 but showing the cutter as makingthe second or final cut on one of the saws;

Fig. 32 is a sectional plan in the plane 3232"- of Fig. 32;'

Fig. 33 is a View showing the saws upon the completion of the operationdepicted in Figs. 32 and 32";

Fig. 34 is a view sh .ilar to Fig. 30 but showing the cutter working onthe teeth next below those shown in Fig. 31;

view projected Fig. 34*" is a side elevation projected in the plane34l3d of'Fig. 3%;

Fig. 35 is a fragmentary side elevation of a saw showing the completelyformed teeth;

Fig. 35 is a bottom sectional plan view projected in the plane 35'-35 ofFig. 35;

Fig. 35 is a normal plan view projected in the plane 35-35 of Fig. 85;

35 is a cross-sectional view of one of the teeth in the plane 35 35 ofFig. 35; and

Fig. 36 is a detail perspective view showing a preferred form of cutter.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts throughoutthe several views.

Although the present invention does not relate to the structure of theteeth or the method of forming and sharpening or renewing the same, thesaid teeth and method forming the subjects-matter of my respectivepending application Serial No. 152,894, and my said Letters Patent No.1,277,375, the purposes and general operation of the machine whichconstitutes the invention will doubtless be more clearly and readilyunderstood by prefacing the detail description of the machine with ageneral descrip tion of the teeth and the action of the cutter informing and sharpening or renewing the same.

The teeth.The teeth shown are adapted for linter saws and, as finished,(Figs. 35, 35, 35 and 35 have cutting edges A. which are preferablyparallel as far as points B and from said points B taper to a terminalpoint C. The edges A and the points B and C are in the plane of the baseD of the tooth; and the base D of one tooth meets the upper face of thetooth next below, forming therewith an angular throat E. The upper faceof each tooth has sides F inclined divergingly and symmetrically from acentral apex G. Tnwardly of the inclined faces F, the teeth have thesame thickness as the saw and their sides S are co-planar with the sidesof the saw. The side edges H of the inclined faces F extend parallel tothe apex G and from the points B to points I in the rear of the point Kwhereat the apex G meets the base D of the tooth next above and betweenwhich and the terminal point C the apex extends. The points I and K maybe regarded as the angles of an imaginary triangle co-planar with thebase D, two sides L of which triangle connect the point K with thepoints I. The point K, sides L and points I constitute the angular baseline of the throat E which thus has a convex V for n. In practice, thedistance between the terminal point of the tooth and the point K isabout the same as the distance between the terminal point of an ordinarytooth and its transversely straight throat. The edges A have their innerterminals at the points I and, therefore, extend for a substantialdistance inwardly beyond the point K; and said edges A are longer thanthe cutting edges of an ordinary tooth by the distance through whichthey extend inwardly be yond the point K. This lengthening of thecutting edges A is, howerer, without effect in weakening the tooth atthe throat owing to the facts that the tooth throughout the greaterportion of its extent has the same thickness as the saw, and, hence, hasan augmented amount of stock, and that the integral stock within theimaginary tri-- angle IKl constitutes a reinforcement for the throatwhile providing for the inward extension of the edges A beyond thetransverse line in which the point K is located. Stated otherwise, thebase of each tooth is undercut at the throat to provide for inwardextensions of the cutting and for an integral reinforcement projectingoutward beyond the inner terminals of the cutting edges.

Fig. 85" shows in plan the outline of the base of the tooth and theintegral reinforcement IKI at the throat, providing for the undercuttingof the base at the inner end thereof and the inward extension orprolongation of the cutting edges A.

Fig. 35* shows, in plan, the outline of the upper face of the tooth andthe integral reinforcement IKI.

Fig. 35 shows the tooth in cross-section in a plane perpendicular to theapex G and etween the points B and K. From this figure it will beapparent that the portion of the tooth between the sides S and whichconstitutes, by far, the greater part of the material of the tooth, isof the same thickness as the saw, and, hence, that the tooth,notvithstanding the inward prolongation of the cutting edges and theundercutting of the base at the front, has its stock greatly augmented,as compared with the stock of an ordinary t oth. It follows that theteeth may be cut substantially finer, without undue sacrifice ofstrength or reduction of the length of the cutting edges than ispossible wi h he constructions heretofore existing.

The teeth have a closer and more efhcient working it between the bars ofthe usual gin or linter grid and their cutting edges closer to the seed,while the liability of ng or injuring the seed is greatly diminished.The actual point of the tooth may be regarded as the pyramid oftriangular cross section whose imaginary base extends from. the points Bin a plane perpendicular to the apex G. This pyramid, it will be noted,has its lateral faces comparatively short but its base comparativelyextensive along all of its sides, from which it follows that theterminal point of the tooth has much greater strength than the terminalpoint of the ordinary tooth which is a pyramid of rectangular crosssection throughout its extent with comparatively long lateral faces andwith comparatively short lines for any imaginary base located at a muchgreater distance from the terminal apex than the base BGB of thetriangular pyramid which constitutes the point of the present tooth.

The mcflz0d.-The method is applicable to the saws or saw blanks asassembled in gangs on the usual mandrel of the gin or linter. Under thepractice heretofore existing, the teeth are first iormed by a punchingdie and the saws are thereafter sharpened by side filers, after w richthey are assembled as a gang. In the practice of the present method, asapplied to saw blanks, the blanks may be first assembled as a gang andthereafter the teeth formed therein. The method contemplates a cutter ofspecial character to form the teeth by successive operations performedfirst at one, and then at the opposite, side of the saw.

This cutter is preferably of the well known form shown in Fig. 36 andwhich is known in the mechanical trades as an angular bevel cutter, butother forms of cutters adapted to the invention may be employed, ifdesired. The cutter, as i, is disclosed in a form which is adapted tothe production of CEQLh of the structure shown in Figs. 35, 35, 35 and85 and has a suitable number, 6, 9., eight, of cutting teeth 2, which,as wn and preferred, have substantially radially disposed cutting edges3 terminating at points a from which the outer edges the teeth recedc topoints inwardly of the imaginary circle wherein the The upper faces ofthe teeth points 4; lie. are planes inclined at a slight angledownwardly from the common plane wherein the edges 3 lie and the underfaces of the teeth have a regular and uniform bevel whereby the lowercutting edges 3 extend at an acute angle inward and downward from theedges 3. The cutter, as will be hereafter described in detail, ismounted upon a spindle, and, in use, is rotated at a rapid rate.

Figs. 3O3 l of the drawings show the cutter as working in relation tothree saw blanks of a gang. The operation, however, is the same whetherthe cutter work on saw blanks for the purpose of forming new teeththerein, on formed saws of the ordinary types for the purpose of cuttingteeth therein of the special type which the invention provides for, oron formed saws having teeth of the construction herein described for thepurpose of renewing and sharpening t iein.

above stated, the cutte ssive open-minus o 1 ,1" of a tooth, one c sideof the saw, and the other operation being at the other side of the saw.

The three saw blanks are designated X, Y and Z. Fig. 30 shows the cutterworking simultaneously at the right side of the blank X at the left sideof the blank Y. The cutter commences its operation at a point on theperiphery of the blank and is fed inward by the means proi ided thereforthrough a distance necessary to form the tooth of the lengthcontemplated. in Fig. the cutter is shown at the limit of its inwardmovement and the work on one side of the blank X as completed. l showsthe cuts made in the blanks X and Y when the cutter works in relation tosaid blanks, as shown in Figs. 30 and 30. In both blan rs X and Y thecutter has with its cutting edges 3 formed the base D of the nextpreceding tooth and has undercut said base at one side'thereof, at theright side of the hlank X and at the left side of the blank Y, as bestshown in Fig. 30 in both cases, the cutter has made substantiallyV-shaped notch in the blank, as shown in Fig. 30, and: of which the baseD forms one wall. The other wall of the notch is formed by the cuttingedges 3 and is inclined laterally,

its inclination being downward toward the rightin the blank X anddownward toward the left in the blank Y. A portion of the surface of thelaterally inclined wall of each notch constitutes one of the inclinedsides F of the upper face of the tooth.

Fig. 32 shows the cutter as working simultaneously upon the blanks Y andZ, at th right side of the blank Y and the left side of the blank Z. Thecutter forms a notch in the blank Z exactly similar to the notchpreviously formed in the blank Y, as shown in FiQ'. 31. in its operationon the blank Y in Fig. 32 the cutter completes the tooth except for theformation of the base thereof, that is to say, in working on the rightside of the blank Y the cutter completes the under cutting of the baseof the next preceding tooth, as shown in Fi 32 and cuts away one side ofthe transversely inclined wall of the notch whereby the said wall has aninverted V-shaped cross-section and is accordingly formed with the apexG and inclined sides F, as shown in Figs. 33 and 32.

In Fig. 3el'the cutter is shown as working in the same relation as inFig. 30 upon the blanks X and Y but as formi the teeth next below theteeth formed by tle opera tion depicted in Fig. The ac ion of ti ocutter in the relation. shown in Fig. 3-1 is exactly the same as in Fig.30.

That is to say, the cutter forms the base of the next preceding toothand cuts a V-shaped notch of which said base forms one wall. at is to beobserved, however, that the plane of the base includes the lower orouter terminal point of the apex G, as shown in the case of the blank Yin 'Fip'. 33, wher end of the base is triangular of the tooth is oftriang form. T his is \erv clearly illust; F 34: and 3% showing acompleted tooth T and below it a half-finished tooth T. It will beobserved that the base D of the tooth T is "at in a plane" in which thelower or outer end of the apex G, as formed prior to the cutting of thetooth next below, lies. It will be understood that all of the teeth areformed similarly to the tooth T shown in Figs. 31- and 3%, and that theshowing i'ted in at the left side said blank r t e operations shown inconnection with the blanl-z Z, and that the teeth of the blank Z requirefor their completion operations of the cutter the right side of saidbsimilarto tie operations shown tion with the blank X. lfhen the cutterworking at one side of the blank has forni cl a notch therein, it ismoved beyond the periphery of the blank and the bl; is then shiftedabout its center as an axis tion through the distance of a teeth by thec tter may repeat the operz connection with the formation lower. 108itooth. .ln working on the old teeth of formed saws, the principles oforation are the SEtD'lQ. in such c if i saws be of the types heretoforeteeth are entirely recut, 2". (1., the o are cut away and new teeth andif the saws is provided a 1 the construction herein. described. the;eeth

are renewed and brought to their original 7 form, and, in the case oflinter teeth to their original degree of sharpness, wher in all cases,the teeth are maintained unifoi in and in the most el'licient condition,although the actual cutting; inrolved in such r .wal of the teeth may becomparatively sirht.

in all cases, the action of the cutter is positive since it is upon thestock of the teeth rather than upon the more surfa es thereof, as in thecase of the filers and 'ummers of the ordinary sharpening machines. thatthe cutter works. hence, the action of the cutter is independent of thecondition or alinement of the teeth transversely of the sane. and chalinenient will be perfectly and uniforn y 'naintained.

ihe present invention proposes a machine for carrying out the method andcutting teeth of the character above described. The machine disclosedmay be termed a multiple-head machine in that it embodies a plurality ofheads, each provided with a cutter operating in relation to a. definitegroup of saws of the gang.

The instrumentalities of the machine disclosed, broadly stated, are thecutter heads and their movable supporting means, means for reciprocatingor oscillating the cutter heads in connection with the tooth-formingoperations, means for feeding the saws or saw blanks through thedistance of a tooth in relation to the normal reciprocatory oroscillatory movements of the cutter heads, means for effecting lateralshifting movements of the cutter heads in connection with the completionof the work of the cutters on one saw and the inception of their work onan adjacent saw, and means for controlling the direction of lateralmovement of the cutter heads whereby said heads may be moved from rightto left in connection with their work on one gang of saws, and from leftto right in connection with their work on the next gang of saws which isplaced in the machine.

The cutter 7zea(Zs.The number of cutter heads employed is dependent uponconsid erations of practice and choice and, hence, may be varied asconditions may require. Obviously, the greater the number of cutterheads. the shorter will be the time required for the work on a gang ofsaws. It is contemplated, however, that each cutter shall complete theteeth of four saws. Thus, for linter gangs, which usually comprise onehundred and six saws, it is proposed to provide twenty-seven cutterheads. In such a case. the first cutter will do all of the work on thefirst three saws and half of the work on the fourth saw, and the lastcutter will do half of the work on the third saw from the adjacent endof the gang and all of the work on the last two saws, while each of theremaining twenty-five cutters will work on five saws, doing all of thework on the three intermediate saws of the group and half of the work oneach of the two end saws of the group. Thus, the two end saws of eachgroup will be common to the adjacent groups whereby the work on one sideof one of said end saws will be done by one cutter and the work on theopposite side thereof will be done by the next adjacent cutter. Forexample, th second cutter wil commence its work upon one side of thefourth saw and the first cutter will complete its work on the oppositeside of the fourth saw, the said fourth saw being thus completed by theoperation at opposite sides. thereof of two adjacent cutters. In likemanner, the eighth saw is completed by the operation at opposite sidesthereof of the second and third cutters, and so on throughout the It isessentially practical and in the interests of economy of time andsimplicity of construction and operation for each cutter to worksimultaneously upon relatively opposite sides of two adjacent saws, asclearly shown by the diagrams of Figs. 23 )3%, and the machine, asherein disclosed and preferred, is constructed with such a scheme ofoperation in view.

To avoid duplication and simplify the di closure of the drawings, buttwo of the cutter heads are shown in the views of the machine 'asassembled, it being understood that the remaining cutter heads aresimilar in arrangement and constr ction to the two disclosed. The cutterheads 5 (Figs. 1 and 2) each comprise (Figs. 13, it and 15) a casing 6which provides a bearing for a spindle '7 extending through the same andprojecting beyond its upper and lower faces. The casing 6 has formedtherewith at its lower end a step block 8 between which the lower end ofthe casing proper is a clearance 9. The cutter '1 operates. in theclearance 9 and is mounted on the spindle 7 by which it is rotated, thesaid spindle for this purpose having a square terminal projection 10 atits lower end which engages in a central square opening 11 of the cutter1 (Fig. 36). The block 8 carries a hard steel wear plate 12 againstwhich the cutter and the lower end of the spindle 7 rotates. The casing6 is closed at its upper end by a suitable cap 13 and the spindle 7 hasnear its upper end a circumscribing groove 1% in which the end of aretaining screw carried by the cap 13 engages.

in he operation of the machine, the spin- (lleS 7 and therewith thecutters 1 are continuously rotated, the gearing for this purposepreferably comprising a spiral gear 15 mounted upon each spindle 7 and aspiral gear 16, companion to each gear 15, and mounted upon a horizontaldrive shaft '17. The casing 6 has at a suitable elevation thereon anopening which extends between its front and rear faces and the gear 15is into said opening and is keyed upon a reduced portion 7" of thespindle 7, the said redaced portion extending to the lower end gaidspindle and providing an annular shoulder 7 just above and which restsupon gear 15. By reason of the reduced portion 7, the spindle 7 may bedisconnected from the gear 15 and removed from the casing 5 by liftingit upward from said casing, the cap 13 having been, of course,previously removed.

The gears 16 have hub extensions 18 which are journaled in suitablebearings 19 secured against the outer faces, (-27. c. the faces remotefrom the saws), of the casings 6 retaining bolts 20. The bolts 20 also eto secure against the inner faces, e. the faces adjacent the saws) ofthe casings 6 guard plates 21 which close the openings in which thegears 15 are arranged and protect said gears from dust,

The lower portion of each casing 6 is provided with two narrow slots orrecesses 22 into which the two saws upon which the cutter 1simultaneously operates as above explained project, the lateral walls ofsaid slots rigidly bracing the saws against lateral bending playincident to the operation of the cutter.

The means o support for the saws and the cutter hea(Zs.The machineincludes a base or bed 24 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 24 and 25) which is to besecured to the floor or other support by lag screws, and which carriesat its ends upright standards 25 having at their upper ends bearings 26of the removable cap block type. The saw mandrel M is supported by thestandards 25 and at one end has a direct engagement in the bearing 26.At its other end, said mandrel projects through the hub extension 27 ofa gear 28 which is located adjacent the outer face of the adjacentstandard 25 and is an element of the saw feeding mechanism. The said hubextension 27 is made fast to the mandrel M by a screw fastening and isjournaled in the adjacent bearing 26.

For the support of the cutter heads, the machine includes arms 29 and 30arranged adjacent the ends of the base 24 and pivotally movable aboutend trunnions or studs 31 (Fig. 1) projecting laterally from said base,said arms each having at their lower ends a sleeve 32 looselysurrounding the stud 31.

The cutter heads 5 are slidably mounted upon a horizontal cross-rail 33(Figs. 1, 9 and 18), arranged transversely of the machine. The rail 33is directly supported by the arms 29 and 30, and for this purpose hascylindrical terminal extensions 34 and 35 which are secured in clampboxes 36 at the upper ends of said arms. The rail 33 incloses the shaft17 and the spiral gears 16 and its cylindrical terminal extensions 34and 35 provide bearings for the ends of said shaft which, beyond saidbearings, is provided with end retaining collars 37.

Since the rail 33 supports the cutter heads 5, the shaft 17 is supportednot only by and it the ends of said rail, but also at regular.

intervals throughout its extent, such intervallic support beingprovided, as is obvious, by the spiral gears 16 through whose hubextensions 18 said shaft projects.

That portion of the rail 33 upon which the cutter heads are slidablymounted'has a C-shaped or semi-circular cross-section.

(Fig. 14) which is preferably provided with a central longitudinalbracing rib 33. The outer faces of the cutter heads lie uniformlyagainst the adjacent faces'of the rail 33; and said cutter heads areprovided at their upper and lower ends with forward or outwardextensions 38 and 39 The extension 38 is provided with an internalrecess 40 and with a depending houlder 41 adjacent said recess and theextension 39 is provided with an internal recess 42 and with a shoulder43 adjacent said recess. The rail 33 is formed along its upper edge witha continuous rib 44 which fits closely in the recesses 40 of theseveralcutter heads and with a continuous groove 45 into which theshoulders 41 of the cutter heads project; and said rail is formed alongits lower edge with a continuous rib 46 which fits into the recesses 42of the several cutter heads and over which the shoulders 43 of saidheads engage. To insure the alinement of the cutter heads, as also toprevent wear, hard steel gibs 47 are arranged in the recesses 40 incontact with the upper face of the rib 44. Said gibs are movable withthe cutter heads, and for this purpose are suitably engaged by the lowerends of screws 48 threaded in the extensions 38.

By virtue of the engagement of the ribs 44 and 46 in the recesses 40 and42, the cutter heads will be freely slidable lengthwise of thecross-rail 33 but will be rigid with said rail in planes parallel to theplanes of the saws or the planes of oscillatory movement of the arms 29and 30.

The bearings 19 for the hub extensions 18 of the gears 16 are arrangedat each side of the said gears; and the key 49 which forms a connectionbetween said gears and the shaft 17 extends continuously along saidshaft. It follows that the gears 16 will be slid along the shaft 17 bythe cutter heads, as said heads are, in turn, slid along the rail 33.

The cross-rail terminal extensions 34 and 35 have bearings in the clampboxes 36 of the arms 29 and 30; and, upon loosening the bolts of saidclamp boxes, the cross-rail may be turned pivctally about its centrallongitudinal axis, its terminal extensions functioning as trunnions.lVhen gangs of saws are to be removed from the machine, the crossrail isturned upward and outward in order to bring the cutter heads intopositions well beyond the peripheries of the V 'tighteningthe bolts ofthe clamp boxes 36.

The mechanism for normally reciprocating or vibrating the cutterheads.ln the operation of the cutters on the saws, the cutters,operating simultaneously, each coininence the formation of a tooth atthe periphery of the saw and are gradually moved inward until the notchwhich provides the base or one tooth and the upper surface of the nextsucceeding tooth, has been cut to the prescribed length, after whichthey are moved outward to a position slightly beyond the peripheries ofthe saws whereby the saws may be rotated by the saw feeding mechanism tobe hereafter described.

The arms 29 and 30 are supported by feed arms (Fig. 5) which are pivotedon the studs 31 and are arranged adjacent the inner sides of said arms29 and 30. The arms 50 are normally held in fixed positions, and thearms 29 and 30 are supported and operated, '1'. c. continuouslyvibrated, therefrom by cams 51 mounted upon continuously driven camshaft 52 for which the arms 29 and 30 provide end bearings. The feedarms 50 carry at their upper ends hard steel rollers 53 against whichthe cams 51 work. The arms 29 and 3-0 tend to more outward about theirpivots 31 by gravity and their out-- ward movement is limited andcontrolled by the engagement of the cams 51 the rollers 53. Said camsrotate in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 5) and as their highestpoints approach the rollers 53 effect an inward movement of the arms 29and 30, and therewith, of the cutter heads and cutters. During suchinward movement the cutters accomplish their work. The cams dropabruptly beyond their highest points whereby when said points passbeyond the rollers 53, the arms 29 and 30, and therewith the cutterheads and cutters, will move outward by gravity at a relatively rapidrate to positions wherein the cutters are just beyond the peripheries ofthe saws.

It is preferred to provide bumper or cushion means tor engagement by thearms 29 and 30 in connection rith their inward movement, 2'. 0. theirmovement toward the saws, and for this purpose the feed arms areprovided with blocks 54 carrying elastic rubber bumper pieces 55, andhaving at one side thereof shanks 6 which are suitably secured in ojienings 57' in said feed arms. The arms and 30 have a channeledcrosssection (Fig. 1'?) and the block projects between the side flangesthereof and is er.- gaged by an abutment lug 58 formed with or securedto each arm.

The feed arms 50 are. in etlect, functional parts of quadrant arms 59..y which they are supported in their normal positions. T

quadrant arms 59 which are also pivotally mounted on the studs 3i andare arranged between the feet. arms 50 and the sides the base '24 areelements o the niechani for ositioning t e cutter heads and are n andpositivch held stationary b a to be herea 'ter described. The

feed arms- 50 are provided separately from the arms 59 in lieu of beingformed integral or rigid therewith in order that they may be adjusted tovary the positions of the is relatively to the peripheries of the saws(in compensating for variations in diameter among saws of differenttypes or for diit'erent kinds of machines); and for tlr's purpose saidteed arms and said quadrant arms are provided with laterally projectingswiveled blocks 60 and 61 and a screw stem 62 has its end swiveled inthe block 60 of each feed arm and is threaded through the block 61 ofthe adj acent'quadrant arm, the said stem thus forming a means ofconnection between the quadrant arm and the feed arm whereby the latteris supported from the former. Obviously, by turning the stem 62 ineither direction, the feed arm may be moved, inward or outward to varythe positions of the cutters relative to the peripheries of the saws. Tosecure uniformity of adjustment and absolute alinement of the cutters,it is preferred that the stem 62 should be operated simultaneously andin conjunction with one another, and for this purpose, said stems are,as shown in F 1. provided with sprocket wheels 63 over which is passed aconnecting endless chain 61 whereby a. turning'move ment of either oithe stems 62 will be transmitted to the other stem.

The saw feeding mecimnisvm During the short interval in which thecutters are located just beyond the peripheries of the saws, the sawsare moved through the distance of a tooth whereby on the next inwardmovement of the cutters a notch will be cut the requisite distance belowthe notch cut on the preceding inward movement.

- The gear 28 whose hub is made fast to the saw mandrel M is engaged bya gear 65 (Figs. and 7) mounted on a post or stem or, which projectslaterally from the adjacent standard 25. The 64- is connected to orformed with a ratchet wheel 66 which, together with its operating lever67, is also mounted on said post. The lever 67 carries a pawl 68 forengagement with the ratchet. wheel 66 and the free end of said leverprojects under the cam sha-tt 52 and is engaged by a cam 69 (Fig. 5) onsaid shaft. The lever 67 is held a ainst the cain 69 by a sup ortingspring 70 and said cam depres es the free end of said lever and therebyeffects a increment of the ratchet wheel 61 through the distance of atooth. during" the interval n wh ch tie cutter heads lie just beyond theperipheries of the saws. Obviously. the number of ratchet teeth on thewheel 66 and the ratio of the gears 6ind 28 is selected with refe enceto the number of teeth with which each saw is. or is to be, provided:and in case it is desired to change the number 01 teeth on a, saw.ratchet-

